As high inflation and rising interest rates take a bite out of paycheque, the Bank of Canada says businesses expect sales to slow as consumers pull back on spending.

The central bank released its fourth-quarter business outlook and consumer expectation surveys Monday, giving some insight into how high inflation and interest rates are affecting Canadian consumers and businesses.

As business confidence weakens, more firms are reporting demand and credit are pressing concerns.

Meanwhile, they say cost pressures, labour shortages and supply chain issues are easing.

Consumers facing high inflation and rising interest rates say they鈥檙e cutting back on spending to cope. Nearly nine in 10 say they have cut spending on travel, accommodation, food service and recreation. More than seven in 10 say they鈥檙e cutting on clothing and footwear, while nearly six in ten consumers are pulling back on groceries.

The surveys 鈥渟uggest that interest rate increases are working as expected in slowing spending,鈥� CIBC鈥檚 executive director of economics Karyne Charbonneau wrote in a note to clients.

Since March, the Bank of Canada has aggressively raised interest rates seven consecutive times. Its key interest rates is currently 4.25 per cent, the highest it鈥檚 been since 2008.

Higher interest rates are expected to slow the economy down as people and businesses pull back on spending.

According to the business outlook survey, two-thirds of firms expect a recession in the next 12 months.

However, despite the expected slowdown, half of businesses said they鈥檙e planning to add employees or to fill vacant positions in that same time period.

Meanwhile, 72 per cent of consumers expect a recession in the months ahead.

Canadian workers have seen their real wages fall amid high inflation. According to the consumer expectations survey, most workers do not expect their earning to catch up with inflation.

The surveys also show both businesses and consumers expect inflation to remain elevated in the short-term but expect it to ease, sitting closer to the central bank鈥檚 target of two per cent in five years.

More than a quarter of consumers expect to see deflation in five years with many believing prices will decrease as the economy recovers from supply-side shocks.

The Bank of Canada will make its next interest rate decision on Jan. 25.

Many commercial banks, including RBC, expect the bank to raise its key rate by a quarter of a percentage point.

鈥淚 don鈥檛 think that鈥檚 that鈥檚 changed with this data,鈥� said RBC assistant chief economist Nathan Janzen.

Statistics Canada will release its December consumer price index report Tuesday, which will also inform the central bank鈥檚 decision, Janzen said.

鈥擭ojoud Al Mallees, The Canadian Press